The Homework Dilemma
A book that has been making the rounds in our circles lately is called The Homework Myth, written by well-respected educational researcher Alfie Kohn. Its title is a challenge to the notions many of us hold with regard to homework; it doesn't hint at the perspective of the author. Kohn writes, citing study after study, of the almost shocking lack of impact homework has upon student learning at almost every level of K-12 schooling. The initial reaction of many readers is a call for drastic reform of our traditional model of schooling, where homework is considered a valuable component of student learning.
The work is compelling, no doubt. Imagine a middle school where homework is not part of the everyday routine of teachers, students and families. Freed from correcting demands, teachers are able to devote more time to lesson plans or time with their own families. Kids don't carry home 40-50 pounds of books in their backpacks, and kitchen tables throughout the region go almost silent with the lack of arguing over whether homework is finished or not. Those students that routinely forgo the homework problem by not completing it are freed from the nagging voice (mine) that encourages them to do what is required of each of their classmates. Students find they have more independent time, and explore opportunities in church volunteering, community service, reading for pleasure (gasp!), athletics, or maybe even doing nothing.
Though the above paragraph certainly moves in the not-so-subtle direction of sarcasm, the argument against homework has merit. So too, does the argument in favor. What follows is a brief rundown of what I think of as middle level justification for why homework still has relevance.
Purpose
Homework should never be given just because. The purposes of our assignments generally fall into three categories: previewing (shedding light on to the next chapter/unit or standard), practicing (think of the math assignments where the concept from that day's lesson is mastered by the students through independent work) or culminating (the essay that follows up a novel or the analysis of an experiment conducted in class). Each of these have value. So long as we as educators plan our assignments in thoughtful, practical ways, I think it's justified. There is of course the occasional "busy-work" assignment, but that is certainly not the rule, nor the practice of the vast majority of our teachers.
Positive Student Behaviors
Our primary goal is to engage students in learning in a wide variety of disciplines. Student performance is measured in numerous ways; you have heard of the NYS assessment program to the point of exhaustion. In-class tests, projects and quizzes are all part of an overall grade. So too is homework. Meaningful homework will enhance student understanding and encourage application of newly gained knowledge. As our students develop, they hopefully will begin to demonstrate the habits necessary for success not only in school but in life. Keeping their agendas up to date, checking them as they determine which books and folders to bring home and then following through on completing the work are all to some degree challenging. The entirely capable student might be forgetful, and their homework grade will reflect it. The student that struggles on tests and quizzes might be exceptionally disciplined and an impressive homework grade will undoubtedly help his/her average. It's part of what we try to do at school; not only do we hope to teach content, but also the skills that each individual will need to become competent, contributing members of our society.
The Challenge
The tough part about homework is that what is being graded is typically completed away from school. This seems like a no-brainer of an observation, but in a sense it's more important than anything else. In many homes, students are encouraged to complete their work, and a time and place is set aside for this to occur. Some homes though don't place as much a priority on the work. It's not necessarily an anti-school sentiment, but rather a case of "...it's my kid's homework, not mine. It's his/her responsibility to complete it." Especially as students grow, this type of independence is necessary, but it does take some longer to develop it than others. To that end, we have programs available to aid in completion of this work. Students are always welcome to stay after with staff if it's arranged earlier in the day, and we also have a homework group that meets after school each day. Some students are assigned there, but others come voluntarily.
Finally
In a perfect world, all assignments would be extensions of high interest activities done in class, and all students would have access to what they need to complete the work. Homework activities would spur a love for learning that would not cease with the end of the school year, and help build a bridge from school to meaningful work after graduation. I do think that students at times find themselves truly intellectually engaged in their work at home, but acknowledge that for many a "just get it done" philosophy is more accurate a description. Regardless, the behaviors and skills that we teach are often of equal importance with the content. Thanks for your help in encouraging these work habits in your kids and our students. As always, contact us with any questions. Thanks--